According to the Hungarian astronomers, these spots and the lines issuing from them during the Martian summer cannot be explained as a non-biological phenomenon. These primitive life forms, which we might refer to as "phototropic Mars-surface organisms," may be manufacturing dark pigment to make the water melt more quickly in their immediate vicinity. During winter darkness the ice covering protects these spots from drying out, while during the spring and summer the increased quantity and duration of sunlight sustains them above the freezing point. The lines are the result of flowing liquid water coming from the thawed-out spots. These organisms may well be photosynthetic, like bacteria recently found in Antarctica.